应用
高强度铝合金广泛应用于制造飞机、舰艇和载重汽车等，可增加它们的载重量以及提高运行速度，并具有抗海水侵蚀，避磁性等特点。
铜合金
简介
纯铜呈紫红色，故又称紫铜，有极好的导热、导电性，其导电性仅次于银而居金属的第二位。铜具有优良的化学稳定性和耐蚀性能，是优良的电工用金属材料。
分类
工业中广泛使用的铜合金有黄铜、青铜和白铜等。
Cu与Zn的合金称黄铜，其中Cu占60%～90%、Zn占40%～10%，有优良的导热性和耐腐蚀性，可用作各种仪器零件。再如在黄铜中加入少量Sn，称为海军黄铜，具有很好的抗海水腐蚀的能力。在黄铜中加入少量的有润滑作用的Pb，可用作滑动轴承材料。
青铜是人类使用历史Zui久的金属材料，它是Cu、Sn合金。锡的加入明显地提高了铜的强度，并使其塑性得到改善，抗腐蚀性增强，因此锡青铜常用于制造齿轮等耐磨零部件和耐蚀配件。Sn较贵，已大量用Al、Si、Mn来代替Sn而得到一系列青铜合金。铝青铜的耐蚀性比锡青铜还好。铍青铜是强度Zui高的铜合金，它无磁性又有优异的抗腐蚀性能，是可与钢相竞争的弹簧材料。
白铜是Cu-Ni合金，有优异的耐蚀性和高的电阻，故可用作苛刻腐蚀条件下工作的零部件和电阻器的材料。
黄铜含锌及少量的锡、铅、铝等。
锌合金
以锌为基加入其他元素组成的合金。常加的合金元素有铝、铜、镁、镉、铅、钛等。锌合金熔点低，流动性好，易熔焊，钎焊和塑性加工，在大气中耐腐蚀，残废料便于回收和重熔；但蠕变强度低，易发生自然时效引起尺寸变化。熔融法制备，压铸或压力加工成材。按制造工艺可分为铸造锌合金和变形锌合金。
应用及其他
锌合金的主要添加元素有铝，铜和镁等.锌合金按加工工艺可分为形变与铸造锌合金两类.铸造锌合金流动性和耐腐蚀性较好，适用于压铸仪表，汽车零件外壳等。
【锌合金成分及铸件品质】
一、锌合金的特点
1. 比重大。
低温锌合金
2.铸造性能好，可以压铸形状复杂、薄壁的精密件，铸件表面光滑。
3. 可进行表面处理：电镀、喷涂、喷漆。
4. 融化与压铸时不吸铁，不腐蚀压型，不粘模。
5. 有很好的常温机械性能和耐磨性。
6. 熔点低，在385℃熔化，容易压铸成型。
铅锡合金
铅锡合金按用途分为：
①铅基或锡基轴承合金。与铅基轴承合金统称为巴氏合金。含锑3%～15%，铜3%～10%，有的合金品种还含有10%的铅。锑、铜用以提高合金的强度和硬度。其摩擦系数小，有良好的韧性、导热性和耐蚀性，主要用以制造滑动轴承。
②铅锡焊料。以锡铅合金为主，有的锡焊料还含少量的锑。含铅38.1%的锡合金俗称焊锡，熔点约183℃
铝锡合金
用于电器仪表工业中元件的焊接，以及汽车散热器、热交换器、食品和饮料容器的密封等。
③铅锡合金涂层。利用锡合金的抗蚀性能，将其涂敷于各种电气元件表面，既具有保护性，又具有装饰性。常用的有锡铅系、锡镍系涂层等。
④铅锡合金（包括铅锡合金，无铅锡合金）可以用来生产制作各种精美合金饰品、合金工艺品，如戒指、项链、手镯、耳环、胸针、纽扣、领带夹、帽饰、工艺摆饰、合金相框、宗教徽志、微型塑像、纪念品等。
特点
铅锡合金（用作合金饰品、合金工艺品材料）的特点
1.铅锡合金性能稳定，熔点低，流动性好，收缩性小。
2.铅锡合金晶粒幼细，韧性良好，软硬适宜，表面光滑，无砂洞，无疵点，无裂纹，磨光及电镀效果好。
3.铅锡合金离心铸造性能好，韧性强，可以铸造形状复杂、薄壁的精密件，铸件表面光滑。
4.铅锡合金产品可进行表面处理：电镀、喷涂、喷漆。
5.铅锡合金晶体结构致密，在原料方面确保铸件尺寸公差小，表面精美，后处理瑕疵少.
application
High strength aluminium alloys are widely used in themanufacture of aircraft, ships and trucks, which can increase theirload and speed, and have the characteristics of seawater erosionresistance and magnetic avoidance.
Copper alloy
brief introduction
Pure copper is purple red, so it is also called purple copper.It has excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.Its electrical conductivity is second only to silver and rankssecond to metal. Copper has excellent chemical stability andcorrosion resistance, and is an excellent electrical metalmaterial.
classification
Copper alloys widely used in industry include brass, bronze andwhite copper.
The alloy of copper and zinc is called brass, in which copperaccounts for 60%-90% and zinc 40%-10%. It has excellent thermalconductivity and corrosion resistance and can be used as variousinstrument parts. If a small amount of Sn is added to the brass, itis called naval brass, which has good corrosion resistance to seawater. A small amount of lubricating Pb is added to brass, whichcan be used as sliding bearing material.
Bronze is the oldest metal material used by human beings. It isa copper and Sn alloy. Tin bronze is often used to manufacturewear-resistant parts such as gears and corrosion-resistant parts.Sn is more expensive. A series of bronze alloys have been obtainedby replacing Sn with Al, Si and Mn. Aluminum bronze has bettercorrosion resistance than tin bronze. Beryllium bronze is thehighest strength copper alloy. It is non-magnetic and has excellentcorrosion resistance. It is a spring material that can compete withsteel.
White copper is a Cu-Ni alloy with excellent corrosionresistance and high resistance, so it can be used as the materialof parts and resistors working under severe corrosionconditions.
Brass contains zinc and small amounts of tin, lead andaluminium.
Kirsite
Alloys consisting of zinc and other elements. Aluminum, copper,magnesium, cadmium, lead, titanium and other alloying elements arecommonly added. Zinc alloy has low melting point, good fluidity,easy melting, brazing and plastic processing, corrosion resistancein the atmosphere, easy recovery and remelting of residualmaterials, but low creep strength, easy to occur natural agingcaused size changes. Molten method, die casting or pressureprocessing into materials. According to the manufacturing process,it can be divided into cast zinc alloy and deformed zinc alloy.
Applications and others
Zinc alloys can be divided into deformation and casting zincalloys according to processing technology. Cast zinc alloys havegood fluidity and corrosion resistance, and are suitable fordie-casting instruments, automotive parts shell and so on.
[Composition and Casting of Zinc Alloy]
CHARACTERISTICS OF ZINC ALLOYS
1. Importance.
Low Temperature Zinc Alloy
2. The casting performance is good. It can die-cast precisionparts with complex shape and thin wall, and the surface of thecastings is smooth.
3. Surface treatment: electroplating, spraying, painting.
4. No iron absorption, no corrosion and no sticking duringmelting and die casting.
5. It has good mechanical properties and wear resistance at roomtemperature.
6. Low melting point, melting at 385 C, easy to die-casting.
Terne metal
Lead-tin alloys are classified according to their uses:
(1) Lead-based or tin-based bearing alloys. Babbitt alloys arecommonly referred to as lead-based bearing alloys. It contains3%-15% antimony and 3%-10% copper. Some alloys also contain 10%lead. Antimony and copper are used to improve the strength andhardness of the alloy. Its friction coefficient is small, and ithas good toughness, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.It is mainly used to manufacture sliding bearings.
(2) Lead-tin solder. Sn-Pb alloys are the main solders, some ofwhich contain a small amount of antimony. Tin alloys containing38.1% lead are commonly known as soldering tin, with a meltingpoint of about 183 C.
Al-Sn Alloy
It is used for welding components in electrical instrumentindustry and sealing of automobile radiators, heat exchangers, foodand beverage containers, etc.
(3) Lead-tin alloy coating. Tin alloy can be applied to thesurface of various electrical components by its corrosionresistance, which is both protective and decorative. Tin-lead andtin-nickel coatings are commonly used.
(4) Lead-tin alloys (including Lead-Tin Alloys and lead-free tinalloys) can be used to produce various ex alloy ornamentsand alloy crafts, such as rings, necklaces, bracelets, earrings,brooches, buttons, tie clips, hat ornaments, craft ornaments, alloyphoto frames, religious symbols, miniature statues, souvenirs,etc.
Characteristic
Characteristics of lead-tin alloy (used as alloy ornaments andalloy handicraft materials)
1. Lead-tin alloy has stable performance, low melting point,good fluidity and small shrinkage.
2. Lead-tin alloy has fine grains, good toughness, suitablehardness and softness, smooth surface, no sand holes, no defects,no cracks, good polishing and plating effect.
3. Lead-tin alloy centrifugal casting has good performance andtoughness. It can cast precision parts with complex shape and thinwall, and the surface of the castings is smooth.
4. Lead-tin alloy products can be surface treated:electroplating, spraying, painting.
5. The crystal structure of lead-tin alloy is compact. In termsof raw materials, it ensures that the size tolerance of the castingis small, the surface is ex and the defects after treatmentare few.
