常见合金编辑
球墨铸铁、锰钢、不锈钢、黄铜、青铜、白铜、焊锡、硬铝、18K黄金、18K白金等等。
钢铁
简介
钢铁是铁与C、Si、Mn、P、S以及少量的其他元素所组成的合金。其中除Fe外，C的含量对钢铁的机械性能起着主要作用，故统称为铁碳合金。它是工程技术中Zui重要、用量Zui大的金属材料。
分类及性质
按含碳量不同，铁碳合金分为钢与生铁两大类，钢是含碳量为0.03%～2%的铁碳合金。碳钢是Zui常用的普通钢，冶炼方便、加工容易、价格低廉，在多数情况下能满足使用要求，应用十分普遍。按含碳量不同，碳钢又分为低碳钢、中碳钢和高碳钢。
随含碳量升高，碳钢的硬度增加、韧性下降。合金钢又叫特种钢，在碳钢的基础上加入一种或多种合金元素，从而具有一些特殊性能，如高硬度、高耐磨性、高韧性、耐腐蚀性，等等。经常加入钢中的合金元素有Si、W、Mn、Cr、Ni、Mo、V、Ti等。我国合金钢的资源相当丰富，除Cr、Co不足，Mn品位较低外，W、Mo、V、Ti和稀土金属储量都很高。
关于生铁
生铁硬而脆，但耐压耐磨。灰口铁和球墨铸铁。白口铁中碳以Fe3C断口呈银白色，质硬而脆，不能进行机械加工，是炼钢的原料，故又称炼钢生铁。
碳以片状石墨形态分布的称灰口铁，断口呈银灰色，易切削，易铸，耐磨。若碳以球状石墨分布则称球墨铸铁，其性能、加工性能接近于钢。在铸铁中加入特种合金元素可得特种铸铁，如加入Cr，耐磨性可大幅度提高，在特种条件下有十分重要的应用。
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Common Alloy Editors
Ductile iron, manganese steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze,white copper, soldering tin, hard aluminium, 18K gold, 18K platinumand so on.
steel
brief introduction
Iron and steel are alloys of iron with C, Si, Mn, P, S and asmall amount of other elements. In addition to Fe, the content of Cplays a major role in the mechanical properties of steel, so it iscollectively called iron-carbon alloy. It is the most important andmost consumable metal material in engineering technology.
Classification and Nature
According to the different carbon content, iron-carbon alloyscan be divided into two categories: steel and pig iron. Steel is aniron-carbon alloy with 0.03%-2% carbon content. Carbon steel is themost commonly used common steel, which is easy to smelt, easy toprocess, low cost, and can meet the use requirements in most cases,so it is widely used. According to the different carbon content,carbon steel can be divided into low carbon steel, medium carbonsteel and high carbon steel.
With the increase of carbon content, the hardness and toughnessof carbon steel increase. Alloy steel, also known as special steel,adds one or more alloying elements on the basis of carbon steel,which has some special properties, such as high hardness, high wearresistance, high toughness, corrosion resistance, etc. The alloyingelements in steel are Si, W, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, Ti and so on. Theresources of alloy steel in China are quite abundant. Except forthe deficiency of Cr and Co and the low grade of Mn, the reservesof W, Mo, V, Ti and rare earth metals are very high.
About pig iron
Pig iron is hard and brittle, but resistant to pressure andwear. Gray iron and ductile iron. The carbon in white iron issilver white with Fe3C fracture surface, hard and brittle, and cannot be machined. It is the raw material for steelmaking, so it isalso called pig iron for steelmaking.
Carbon is called gray iron in the form of flake graphite. Thefracture is silver gray, easy to cut, easy to cast and wearresistant. If carbon is distributed in spherical graphite, it iscalled ductile iron. Its properties and processing properties areclose to steel. Special cast iron can be obtained by adding specialalloy elements in cast iron. If adding Cr, the wear resistance canbe greatly improved, and it has very important application underspecial conditions.